Course: M.A.
English (SEM – 2)
Paper no.:
8, cultural studies
Topic:
circuit of culture
Roll no.: 23
Year: 2015 –
2017
Submitted
to: S.B. Gardi, Department of English
M.K. Bhavnagar
University
Circuit of Culture
vIntroduction of Cultural
studies:
Cultural
studies is the science of understanding modern society, with an emphasis on
politics and power cultural studies is an umbrella term used to look at a
number of different subject. As far as cultural study is concerned, it broader
meaning because we see from various perspective them an individual can know
what actually in lies in the meaning.
Generally,
it means way of living life or it can also be said that the life style of
people and Matthew Arnold also quote about culture study “it is a march towards
perfection. Cultural studies is an innovative interdisciplinary field of
research and teaching that investigate the ways in which “culture” creates and
transforms individual experiences, everyday life, social relations and power.
Cultures understood as distinctive ways of life. Cultural studies draws on
methods and theories from literary studies, sociology, communications studies,
history, cultural anthropology and economics. By working across the boundaries
among these fields, cultural studies addressed new questions and problems of
today world.
vCircuit of Culture:
The
circuit of culture is a theory or framework used in the area of cultural
studies. A sophisticated analysis of cultural artifacts requires a close
examination of five basic elements, which together constitute what Paul du Gay
et al have called ‘the circuit of culture’ (1997). These elements are:
·
Representation
·
Identity
·
Production
·
Consumption
·
Regulation
What these elements present is a process through which
every cultural artifact, object or event must pass. The elements work in
tandem, and are closely linked with each other, a process that has been called
“articulation”.
In
order to illustrate the ‘circuit of culture’ we need to use a concrete example.
Ø Representation:
Television is a part of modern culture in now-a-days. We
depend on TV for entertainment, communication, education, news, culture,
information, sports and even music.
What
does the television represent and how it is represented? The answers to these
related questions are basically means to discuss the centrality of
representation in a culture. Television represents: communication, information
and entertainment. Most television ads work with these aspects, with more
features and facilities. In this crowded television environment, the key is to
provide young children with a guided viewing experience and to model and teach
them the critical thinking skills they need to be active, engaged viewers.
Because of its ability to create powerful touchstone, television young people
to share culture experiences with others.
By
the representation of television, there are lots of benefits like, television
can teach important values and life lessons, and educational programming can
develop youngsters’ socialization and learning skills. By the representation of
television, it can help to develop critical thinking about society and the
world and also cultural programming can open up the world of art for young
people.
Another example is “Mobile”. Mobile phones you can find
everywhere even in remote area of our country. What mobile represent and how it
is represent its concept, system and also we can see that mobile provides people
information, entertainment, and also communication and for that all the
companies work with these aspects and many more features.
Ø Identity:
In the identity, there are many questions in our mind,
like, what kind of identity does television project? What are the references
between state television programs? What kind of age group is targeted in
particular kinds of emotional materials?
As we can see the series of
questions, posed above are about cultural and public contexts where identities
are linked to images screen. Identity is given importance in television serials
and family, young professionals, business culture. Identity dives the tone of programs
that try to give representation and space the marginalized. Cultural studies is
interested in the ideologies that identity projections.
In the mobile, all the
companies’ advertisements youth and professionals are given more importance. So
here we can say that, the projected and targeted identities of the companies
are students, youth and businessman. It was the time when to have mobile is
identity of intellectuals, rich, educated and this is same in present time
also. Now a days, it becomes trend to have smartphones for youth and it is also
becomes an object of showing richness. Steve Jobs says, “The phone was not just
communication tool, but away of life.”
Ø Production:
In television production programs, there are various
forms of media technologies and methods for creating. The theme of production
can be phrased as a series of pointed questions:
Look at the major television
manufactures. What are the policies in these companies? How is recruitment
done? What are policies are in place for workers? How much profit does company
make?
These all questions show
that in television production is very important feature because it shows us the
marketing and growth of production. By television, production companies make
them profit at high level by showing various shows, ads etc. and for that way
they introduce their products. Above questions are also same for the mobile
features because recruitment in mobile phone companies are done by company
interviews and placement, most of the companies have fire and hire
policies.
Ø Regulation:
Consider the union government’s ban on fashion TV, ostensibly
because it offends Indian cultural sentiments. What does the government do with
regard to either production or consumption? What is the role of the censor
board or the information and broadcasting ministry in television sales,
production, programs?
This circuit of culture is the most thorough examination
of any cultural artifact. The circuit of culture includes within it several
smaller companies and modes of analysis. Cultural studies today, in most
academies across the world, adopt certain key areas and methods to understand
the modes of meaning production. These are: language, discourse
, identity, everyday life,
ethnography, media studies, cultural intermediaries.
Language and meaning are connected to issues of class,
power, ideology and the material conditions in which the speaking or
interpretations occurs. All expression and use of language are situated in a
context. This context is discourse. This is discourse is the context in which a
culture’s communication, meaning production and interpretation occur. It is the
terrain of thought and expression.
The identity of a person is for, cultural studies.
Dependent upon the roles played by that person, the signs that designate the
person. Identity is constituted through experience, and representation is a
significant part of experience.
In the regulation, here I
want to give one example regarding mobile that as government of India banned
selling of Xiaomai mobiles in December, 2014 as it has duplicated and fake
unique id. So there is committee to handle all these matters and it has its own
policies and with these it has import and exports the policies.
Ø Conclusion:
The ‘circuit of culture’ is perhaps the most thorough
examination of any cultural artifact. As we can see it covers a range of issues
and themes – from the question of media representation to the construction of
identities in a culture. Now a day’s televisions and mobiles have passed
through this examination and it becomes a part of culture. The ‘circuit of
culture’ includes within it several smaller components and modes of analysis.
“Primarily culture is
connected with the production and exchange of meanings between the members of
society of group. click here to evaluate my assignment
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